In Vitro Study on the Influence of the Buccal Surface Convexity of the Tooth upon Enamel Loss after Bracket Removal.

Polishing after the removal of brackets is the final step in orthodontic treatment. It is simple to perform, though some studies have reported that polishing causes damage to the enamel surface. An in vitro study was made of the influence of the buccal surface convexity of the tooth upon possible enamel loss when the remaining resin and adhesive are removed after bracket decementing using two different polishing modes: a tungsten carbide bur at low and high speeds. The convexity of the buccal surface was quantified in 30 incisors and 30 premolars. A stereoscopic microscope was used to obtain photographs of the profile of the crown, and Image J software was used to calculate convexity by dividing the length of a line from the cementoenamel junction to the incisal margin by another line from the mentioned junction to the maximum convexity of the buccal surface. Brackets were cemented on all the teeth and were decemented 24 h later. In both groups, the residual composite was removed with a tungsten carbide bur at a low speed in one-half of the teeth and at a high speed in the other half. The buccal surface of each tooth was then photographed again, and the convexity was calculated and compared against the baseline value. The difference between the two values were taken to represent the enamel loss. The convexity of the premolars was significantly greater than that of the incisors, but this did not result in greater enamel loss when the same polishing mode was used. However, the tungsten carbide bur at a high speed proved more aggressive, causing significantly greater enamel loss than when used at a low speed.

Obesidad y acoso escolar: su impacto en la calidad del sueño

El acoso escolar o ¨bullying¨ es un problema social que se ha incrementado de tal manera que representa una preocupación a nivel mundial, de lo cual Cuba no está exenta. En este trabajo se reflexiona acerca de las condiciones y riesgos que pueden generar consecuencias negativas en personas vulnerables a sufrir este tipo de agresión. Se precisa que la depresión, la ansiedad y determinadas condiciones físicas y sociales, destacan en los afectados y, entre estas, el padecimiento de obesidad que pudiera incrementar, como riesgo acumulativo, trastornos del sueño en niños y adolescentes. Se realizó una revisión acerca de los posibles impactos de la vinculación de la obesidad y el acoso escolar en cuanto a los trastornos del sueño en niños y adolescentes. Se concluye que existe una asociación entre la obesidad, el acoso escolar y el riesgo de padecer trastornos del sueño, lo que, fundamentalmente desde la Atención Primaria de Salud, debe considerarse de manera que se puedan detectar y aplicar los protocolos correspondientes sobre esta población de riesgo y de su entorno por lo que se recomiendan acciones psicopedagógicas y de coordinación intersectorial.

School bullying or bullying is a social problem that has increased in such a way that it represents a worldwide concern, from which Cuba is not exempt. This paper reflects on the conditions and risks that can generate negative consequences in vulnerable people to suffer this type of aggression. Depression, anxiety and certain physical and social conditions stand out in those affected and, among these, the suffering from obesity that could increase, as a cumulative risk, sleep disorders in children and adolescents. A review was carried out about the possible impacts of linking obesity and bullying in terms of sleep disorders in children and adolescents. It is concluded that there is an association between obesity, bullying and the risk of suffering from sleep disorders, which, fundamentally from Primary Health Care, should be considered so that the corresponding protocols can be detected and applied to this population at risk and its environment, for which psycho-pedagogical actions and intersectoral coordination are recommended.

Disposition of Work-Related Asthma in a Spanish Asthma Cohort: Comparison of Asthma Severity Between Employed and Retired Workers.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to certain agents in the workplace can trigger occupational asthma or work-exacerbated asthma, both of which come under the heading of work-related asthma (WRA). Understanding the burden that WRA represents can help in the management of these patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of occupation on asthma in real life and analyze the characteristics of patients with WRA included in an asthma cohort. METHODS: This was a prospective multicenter study of a cohort of consecutive patients with asthma. A standardized clinical history was completed. Patients were classified as having WRA or non-WRA. All patients underwent respiratory function tests, FeNO test, and methacholine challenge (methacholine concentration that causes a 20% drop in FEV1) at the beginning of the study. They were classified into two groups, depending on their employment status: employed (group 1) or unemployed (group 2). RESULTS: Of the 480 patients included in the cohort, 82 (17%) received the diagnosis of WRA. Fifty-seven patients (70%) were still working. Mean age (SD) was 46 (10.69) years in group 1 and 57 (9.91) years in group 2 (P < .0001). Significant differences were observed in adherence to treatment (64.9% in group 1 vs 88% in group 2; P = .0354) and in severe asthma exacerbations (35.7% in group 1 vs 0% in group 2; P = .0172). No significant differences were observed in the rest of the variables analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of WRA in specialized asthma units is not negligible. The absence of differences in the severity of asthma, the treatment administered, alterations in lung function, and the number of exacerbations in those working versus not working may support the idea that advice regarding changing jobs should be customized for individual patients.

Pediatric patients and medical cannabis: new trends / Pacientes pediátricos e cannabis medicinal: novas tendências

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite the ancestral use of cannabinoids in adults, safety and efficacy in children is unclear. The impact of cannabis on the developing brain is unknown1 While studies conducted in adults can provide insight into the efficacy/toxicity profile of cannabis, there is a need for specific studies in children and adolescents to understand the impact of cannabis on the developing brain, as well as the potential long-term effects of cannabis use. The objective of this study was to bring a comprehensive view and critical discussion on the subject. CONTENTS: A narrative review based on research in the Pubmed, Medline and Scielo databases was prepared, with an open theme and a selective literature review in the context of the pediatric population. CONCLUSION: Current research on the impact of medical cannabis use in children and adolescents remains limited4, which reinforces the need for robust studies in this population.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Apesar do uso ancestral de canabinoides em adultos, a segurança e eficácia na população infantil não é clara. O impacto da cannabis no cérebro em desenvolvimento é desconhecido1. Embora estudos realizados em adultos possam oferecer informações sobre o perfil de eficácia/toxicidade da cannabis, há necessidade de estudos específicos em crianças e adolescentes para compreender o impacto da cannabis no cérebro em desenvolvimento, bem como os potenciais efeitos a longo prazo do uso de cannabis. O objetivo deste estudo foi trazer uma visão abrangente e discussão crítica sobre o tema. CONTEÚDO: Foi elaborada uma revisão narrativa baseada em pesquisas nas bases de dados Pubmed, Medline e Scielo, com temática aberta e revisão de literatura seletiva no contexto da população pediátrica. CONCLUSÃO: A pesquisa atual sobre o impacto do uso da cannabis medicinal em crianças e adolescentes permanece limitada4, o que reforça a necessidade de estudos robustos sobre essa população.

Superación profesional pedagógica y formación de la habilidad búsqueda de la información / Pedagogical professional improvement and the ability formación to search for information

RESUMEN El actual desarrollo de la ciencia y la técnica constituye un reto para las universidades médicas, como centros de formación en pos de garantizar un egresado capaz de gestionar el conocimiento necesario para cumplimentar su encargo social. Se precisa de una adecuada habilidad para la búsqueda de la información, la cual permita una apropiada gestión del conocimiento y mejores resultados docentes; pero el claustro profesoral debe planificar acciones estratégicas con vistas a alcanzar la formación de esta habilidad de investigación. Se sugieren acciones para trabajar en la formación de la habilidad antes mencionada, sobre la base de talleres que aborden las esencialidades para su operacionalización a través de contenidos que se imparten; y tributen a la ejecución de investigaciones estudiantiles. La búsqueda de información no solo brinda herramientas para el desarrollo de las investigaciones, sino también constituye un instrumento para fomentar las habilidades lógicas del pensamiento, con elevado impacto cuando el estudiante, de forma independiente, enfrenta tareas de mayor envergadura, por lo que se sugiere desarrollar un sistema de talleres para la preparación profesoral.

ABSTARCT The current development of science and technology constitutes a challenge for medical universities, as training centers in order to guarantee a graduate capable of managing the necessary knowledge to fulfill their social mission. An adequate ability to search for information is required, which allows for proper knowledge management and better teaching results; but the teaching staff must plan strategic actions with a view to achieving the formation of this research skill. Actions are suggested to work on the formation of the aforementioned skill, based on workshops that address the essentials for its operationalization through the contents that are taught; and tax the execution of student research. The search for information not only provides tools for the development of research, but also constitutes an instrument to promote logical thinking skills, with a high impact when the student, independently, faces larger tasks, for which it is suggested develop a system of workshops for teacher preparation.

Tolerability and Reactogenicity Profile of mRNA SARS-Cov-2 Vaccines from a Mass Vaccination Campaign in a Tertiary Hospital: Between-Vaccine and Between-Population Prospective Observational Study (VigilVacCOVID Study).

BACKGROUND: The comparative safety profile of SARS-Cov2 vaccines requires further characterization in real-world settings. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the VigilVacCOVID study was to assess the short-term safety of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 during the vaccination campaign of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) at a hospital clinic. METHODS: We conducted an observational, prospective, single-center, post-authorization study to characterize short-term adverse reactions (ARs) after vaccination. The primary endpoint was to assess between-vaccine differences (HCPs receiving BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) and between-population differences (HCPs and SOTRs, both receiving mRNA-1273) in the risk of any ARs. Propensity score and covariate-adjusted multivariate models were used. The key secondary endpoint was to provide a descriptive assessment of the frequencies and intensity distribution of ARs. RESULTS: We included 5088 HCPs and 1289 patients. mRNA-1273 showed greater reactogenicity than BNT162b2, with an odds ratio (OR) for any AR of 3.04 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.48-3.73; p value: < 0.001) and a higher frequency and intensity of reported ARs. Compared with HCPs vaccinated with mRNA-1273, SOTRs showed a lower risk of ARs (OR = 0.36; 95% CI 0.25-0.50), with fewer and less severe ARs. Age, sex, and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were statistically significant covariates for the risk of any AR. A history of drug allergy was significant in the comparison between vaccines (BNT162b2 vs. mRNA-1273), but not in that between SOTRs and HCPs. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that mRNA-1273 had greater reactogenicity than BNT162b2. Overall, both vaccines had an adequate tolerability profile. mRNA-1273 vaccination caused fewer ARs with milder severity in SOTRs.

Dolor crónico en personas mayores institucionalizadas: influencia del apoyo social y de variables afectivas / Chronic pain in the elderly nursing home population: the influence of social support and affective variables

Objetivo: Analizar si la ansiedad es la variable de mayor peso específico en la sensación de dolor, así como establecer de una manera clara el papel que desempeñan las variables de clima social y de interacción social en el proceso de dolor. Metodología: La muestra seleccionada fue de 74 ancianos (37 manifestaban dolor crónico y 37 no). Se recogieron también de cada sujeto datos demográficos, clínicos y test psicológicos (cuestionario STAI y Escala de MOS). Resultados: Las mayores diferencias entre los sujetos que manifiestan tener o no tener dolor se encuentran en las variables de ansiedad y en la ansiedad rasgo. Existe una alta correlación negativa entre la ansiedad y el clima social. El apoyo emocional y el clima social general son las variables de clima que más correlacionan negativamente con la ansiedad. Para el grupo de personas con dolor, la variable tenencia de familiares cercanos es la que actúa concomitantemente con las variables de clima social. Conclusiones: Se demuestra que la ansiedad es el predictor más importante del grado en que un sujeto informa tener dolor. Se considera que determinados instrumentos de medida del clima social, como es el caso de la Escala de MOS, son de gran ayuda para predecir la aparición de dolor crónico, y que manipulando sus variables integrantes el personal de los equipos de salud puede disponer de formas útiles que ayuden a mejorar positivamente a las personas mayores en la mejora de su calidad de vida (AU)

Objective: To analyse whether anxiety is the variable with the greatest specific weight in the sensation of pain, as well as to establish in a clear way the role that social climate and social interaction variables in the pain process. Methodology: The selected sample consisted of 74 elderly people (37 with chronic pain (37 had chronic pain and 37 did not). Demographic, clinical and and psychological tests (STAI questionnaire and MOS scale) were also collected from each subject. Results: The greatest differences between subjects who reported having or not having pain were found in the anxiety and trait anxiety variables. There is a high negative correlation between anxiety and social climate. Emotional support and general social climate are the climate variables that correlate most negatively with anxiety. For the group of people in pain, the variable having close relatives is the one that acts concomitantly with anxiety. Conclusions: Anxiety is shown to be the most important predictor of the degree to which a subject predictor of the degree to which a subject reports having pain. It is considered that certain instruments for measuring social climate, such as the MOS Scale, are the MOS Scale, are considered to be of great help in predicting the appearance of chronic pain, and that by manipulating its chronic pain, and that by manipulating its constituent variables, health team personnel can have ways to health care teams can have useful ways of helping to positively improve the elderly in the positively help older people to improve their quality of life (AU)

Desde lo curricular a lo investigativo, una mirada a la COVID-19 / From the curricular to the investigative, a look at COVID-19

RESUMEN La enfermedad provocada por el coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causante de la COVID-19, ha generado un movimiento hacia una revisión de todo el enfoque de las ciencias médicas y a profundizar en todos los mecanismos inherentes a la respuesta inmune asociados a esta enfermedad. Se pone en evidencia el necesario pensamiento clínico epidemiológico declarado en el plan de estudio de la carrera de Medicina; la formación investigativa desde los primeros años. La asignatura Sangre-Sistema Inmune incluye en su contenido un gran número de problemas de salud por desequilibrio en la respuesta inmune, lo que constituye una clara justificación para redimensionar el proceso de formación científica. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar la significación de la asignatura para la interpretación de las desviaciones de la respuesta inmune y emitir sugerencias para potenciar el trabajo investigativo en ella.

ABSTRACT The disease caused by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, has generated a movement towards a review of the entire approach of medical sciences and to delve into all the mechanisms inherent to the immune response associated with this disease. The necessary clinical epidemiological thinking declared in the study plan of the Medicine career is evidenced; research training from the early years. The subject Blood-Immune System includes in its content a large number of health problems due to imbalance in the immune response, which constitutes a clear justification for resizing the scientific training process. The objective of this work is to assess the significance of the subject for the interpretation of the deviations of the immune response and to make suggestions to enhance the research work in it.

Assessment of Oxygen Expansion during Internal Bleaching with Enamel and Dentin: A Comparative In Vitro Study.

Internal bleaching is a conservative, non-invasive, and simple treatment that is frequently performed in daily clinical practice. The present in vitro study analyzes the oxygen expansion of different bleaching agents resulting from the oxidation reaction when interacting with enamel and dentin. Enamel and dentin were crushed separately until obtaining a fine powder with particles of an approximate size between 0.06 and 0.2 mm. Each enamel and dentin sample were mixed with 37% carbamide peroxide (CP 37%), 30% hydrogen peroxide (HP 30%), sodium perborate (SP) combined with HP 30% (HP 30% + SP) and SP with distilled water (SP). A total of 280 1 mm diameter glass tubes were used with 70 for each bleaching agent (30 for powdered enamel evaluation, 30 for powdered dentin evaluation, and 10 controls). The bleaching agents were placed in the prepared tubes immediately after mixing the components. As expansion occurred, the oil inside the tube was displaced, through which the resulting expansion was evaluated and measured for 10 days. A significant expansion was observed that varied in magnitude according to the bleaching agent and the tooth structure used. Student's t test and Welch's ANOVA were used to analyze the data obtained. The highest mean expansion of both enamel and dentin was observed with 30% HP (66.6 mm for enamel, 94.5 mm for dentin) followed by HP 30% + SP (48.6 mm for enamel, 52.7 mm for dentin), CP 37% (38.4 mm for enamel, 52.6 mm for dentin) and finally SP with water (12.7 mm for enamel, 4.4 mm for dentin). It was observed that the expansion in the SP group with enamel was significantly lower than in the rest of the groups, while that registered for HP 30% was significantly higher. (p < 0.001). The results with dentin were similar, with a significantly lower expansion for SP and higher for HP 30% (p < 0.001). The oxygen expansion observed as a result of the interaction between bleaching agents and dental tissues could contribute to improving our understanding of bleaching and its results. These results suggest that bleaching agents react with the organic component of the tooth structure.

Microbial Community Structure Driven by a Volcanic Gradient in Glaciers of the Antarctic Archipelago South Shetland.

It has been demonstrated that the englacial ecosystem in volcanic environments is inhabited by active bacteria. To know whether this result could be extrapolated to other Antarctic glaciers and to study the populations of microeukaryotes in addition to those of bacteria, a study was performed using ice samples from eight glaciers in the South Shetland archipelago. The identification of microbial communities of bacteria and microeukaryotes using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA high throughput sequencing showed a great diversity when compared with microbiomes of other Antarctic glaciers or frozen deserts. Even the composition of the microbial communities identified in the glaciers from the same island was different, which may be due to the isolation of microbial clusters within the ice. A gradient in the abundance and diversity of the microbial communities from the volcano (west to the east) was observed. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between the chemical conditions of the ice samples and the composition of the prokaryotic populations inhabiting them along the volcanic gradient. The bacteria that participate in the sulfur cycle were those that best fit this trend. Furthermore, on the eastern island, a clear influence of human contamination was observed on the glacier microbiome.

Las prácticas de laboratorio en la enseñanza de las ciencias básicas biomédicas ¿antes o después de los seminarios? / Laboratory practices in the teaching of basic biomedical sciences. Before or after seminars?

RESUMEN En este artículo se plantea la necesidad de reflexionar acerca de la ubicación que las prácticas de laboratorio tienen en el programa de las asignaturas básicas biomédicas. Se ofrecen algunas valoraciones sobre las bondades de esta forma organizativa para que los estudiantes adquieran conocimientos procedimentales y desarrollen capacidades que les permitan mayor independencia cognoscitiva sobre todo en semestres más avanzados de la carrera. Se dejan abiertas nuevas interrogantes acerca de si este posicionamiento pudiera modificar o no, la postura del docente como investigador en el aula y en consecuencia ejercer influencias autónomas para el desarrollo de las comentadas capacidades en los estudiantes, en concordancia con las exigencias de los nuevos planes de estudio.

ABSTRACT This article raises the need to reflect on laboratory practice location in the program of basic biomedical subjects. Some elements are offered about the benefits of this organizational form so that students acquire procedural knowledge and develop capacities that allow more cognitive independence, especially in more advanced semesters of the academic program. New questions are made about whether this positioning could modify or not, the teacher´s position as a classroom researcher and consequently exercise autonomous influences for the development of the aforementioned abilities in the students, in accordance with the requirements of the new academic formation plans.

Taxonomic and functional characterization of a microbial community from a volcanic englacial ecosystem in Deception Island, Antarctica.

Glaciers are populated by a large number of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea and microeukaryotes. Several factors such as solar radiation, nutrient availability and water content greatly determine the diversity and abundance of these microbial populations, the type of metabolism and the biogeochemical cycles. Three ecosystems can be differentiated in glaciers: supraglacial, subglacial and englacial ecosystems. Firstly, the supraglacial ecosystem, sunlit and oxygenated, is predominantly populated by photoautotrophic microorganisms. Secondly, the subglacial ecosystem contains a majority of chemoautotrophs that are fed on the mineral salts of the rocks and basal soil. Lastly, the englacial ecosystem is the least studied and the one that contains the smallest number of microorganisms. However, these unknown englacial microorganisms establish a food web and appear to have an active metabolism. In order to study their metabolic potentials, samples of englacial ice were taken from an Antarctic glacier. Microorganisms were analyzed by a polyphasic approach that combines a set of -omic techniques: 16S rRNA sequencing, culturomics and metaproteomics. This combination provides key information about diversity and functions of microbial populations, especially in rare habitats. Several whole essential proteins and enzymes related to metabolism and energy production, recombination and translation were found that demonstrate the existence of cellular activity at subzero temperatures. In this way it is shown that the englacial microorganisms are not quiescent, but that they maintain an active metabolism and play an important role in the glacial microbial community.

La formación de habilidades investigativas en la Universidad Médica. Realidades y perspectivas / Training research abilities in the Medical University. Reality and perspectives

Este artículo valora el impacto de factores que influyen en el desarrollo de la actividad científica estudiantil en la Universidad Médica de Cienfuegos. Se consideran planteamientos afines en los lineamientos de trabajo del Partido Comunista de Cuba, las consecuencias de la situación internacional en nuestra economía y desarrollo de las investigaciones, que desplazó muchas temáticas hacia la pedagogía y atención primaria, perdiéndose investigaciones básicas o fundamentales. Se propone delimitar las tendencias actuales que justifican la investigación en el proceso docente e identificar referentes teóricos que sostienen la necesidad de formar habilidades investigativas. Revisada la literatura, se constata como tendencia el formar un profesional integral, con sólidos conocimientos científicos, herramientas para solucionar problemas durante el cumplimiento de su encargo social y transformar la realidad conscientemente. Como referente teórico nuestro máximo líder, Fidel Castro, muy temprano insistió en esta necesidad, además, otros pedagogos clásicos y contemporáneos subrayan la importancia de la investigación durante el proceso docente.

This article analyses the factors which influence in the development of students scientific activity. Similar statements appear in the Working Guidelines of the Communist Party, the consequences of the current international context in our economy, and research development, which displaced many topics towards pedagogy and primary health care level resulting in the loss of basic or fundamental sciences research. It is proposed to delimit the current trends which justify research and to identify the theoretical references that support the need of training research skills. On literature review, it is corroborated as a trend training comprehensive professionals, with solid scientific knowledge, with tools for problem solution during his social service and to transform the reality consciously. As a theoretical referent our higher leader, Fidel Castro, at early times insisted on this need, as well as other classical and contemporary pedagogues who highlight the importance of research during the teaching process.

Impacto de la actividad científica estudiantil en los resultados docentes de la asignatura Morfofisiología III / Impact of the students´ scientific activity on the academic results of the subject Morpho-physiology III

Fundamento: la actividad científica en los educandos posee una gran importancia, pues la práctica del razonamiento inductivo y deductivo así como el desarrollo de habilidades, contribuyen a su formación integral.Objetivo: determinar el impacto de la calidad en la actividad científica estudiantil en los resultados docentes durante el desarrollo de la asignatura Morfofisiología III. Métodos: se aplicó una metodología didáctica para la formación de habilidades investigativas en estudiantes del ciclo básico de Medicina, que incluyó todos estudiantes del primer año que cursaron la asignatura Morfofisiología III durante el curso 2014-2015. Se ofertaron temas relacionados con el contenido, para la confección de revisiones bibliográficas bajo el tutelaje de los docentes, con presentación de las mismas en la última semana de la asignatura en la Jornada Científica establecida al efecto. Resultados: en cuatro grupos se presentaron frecuencias mayores de estudiantes en los que coincidió una actividad científica de calidad con igual evaluación en la asignatura, por lo que su resultado en la actividad científica pudiera considerarse como una protección; en dos grupos el número de estudiantes con actividad científica sin calidad coincidió con un mayor número de estudiantes con bajos resultados en la Morfofisiología III. Se constataron fisuras en el proceso de formación de las habilidades investigativas y en la aplicación de las guías de evaluación, lo que distorsionó la puntuación alcanzada en algunos grupos. Conclusiones: aunque existe una tendencia, no se logra percibir con exactitud el impacto de la actividad científica en los resultados de la asignatura Morfofisiología III.

Foundation: Students scientific activity has a great important because practicing inductive and deductive thinking so as abilities development contributes to their comprehensive development. Objective: To determine the impact of the students’ scientific activity quality on the academic results during the development of the subject Morphophysiology III. Methods: A didactic methodology was applied for research abilities formation in students of the Medicine basic cycle, which included all first year students who studied the subject Morphophisiology II during the academic year 2014-15. Topics related to the content were offered for bibliography reviews under the advisory of professors fro their presentations during the last week in a scientific Event set for the occasion. Results: In four groups in with a high quality of scientific activity coincided with similar evaluation in the subject, thus considering the scientific activity a protection; in two groups the number of students with poor scientific activity coincided with a greater number of students with low academic results in Morphophisiology III. There is a crack in the process of formation of research abilities and in the application of the evaluation guides, which distorted the scores achieved by the students. Conclusion: Although there is a tendency, the exact perception of the impact of students’ scientific activity on the subject Morphophisiology III is not achieved.

Impacto de la actividad científica estudiantil en los resultados docentes de la asignatura Morfofisiología III / Impact of the students´ scientific activity on the academic results of the subject Morpho-physiology III

Fundamento: la actividad científica en los educandos posee una gran importancia, pues la práctica del razonamiento inductivo y deductivo así como el desarrollo de habilidades, contribuyen a su formación integral.Objetivo: determinar el impacto de la calidad en la actividad científica estudiantil en los resultados docentes durante el desarrollo de la asignatura Morfofisiología III.Métodos: se aplicó una metodología didáctica para la formación de habilidades investigativas en estudiantes del ciclo básico de Medicina, que incluyó todos estudiantes del primer año que cursaron la asignatura Morfofisiología III durante el curso 2014-2015. Se ofertaron temas relacionados con el contenido, para la confección de revisiones bibliográficas bajo el tutelaje de los docentes, con presentación de las mismas en la última semana de la asignatura en la Jornada Científica establecida al efecto.Resultados: en cuatro grupos se presentaron frecuencias mayores de estudiantes en los que coincidió una actividad científica de calidad con igual evaluación en la asignatura, por lo que su resultado en la actividad científica pudiera considerarse como una protección; en dos grupos el número de estudiantes con actividad científica sin calidad coincidió con un mayor número de estudiantes con bajos resultados en la Morfofisiología III. Se constataron fisuras en el proceso de formación de las habilidades investigativas y en la aplicación de las guías de evaluación, lo que distorsionó la puntuación alcanzada en algunos grupos.Conclusiones: aunque existe una tendencia, no se logra percibir con exactitud el impacto de la actividad científica en los resultados de la asignatura Morfofisiología III(AU)

Foundation: Students scientific activity has a great important because practicing inductive and deductive thinking so as abilities development contributes to their comprehensive development. Objective: To determine the impact of the students scientific activity quality on the academic results during the development of the subject Morphophysiology III.Methods: A didactic methodology was applied for research abilities formation in students of the Medicine basic cycle, which included all first year students who studied the subject Morphophisiology II during the academic year 2014-15. Topics related to the content were offered for bibliography reviews under the advisory of professors fro their presentations during the last week in a scientific Event set for the occasion.Results: In four groups in with a high quality of scientific activity coincided with similar evaluation in the subject, thus considering the scientific activity a protection; in two groups the number of students with poor scientific activity coincided with a greater number of students with low academic results in Morphophisiology III. There is a crack in the process of formation of research abilities and in the application of the evaluation guides, which distorted the scores achieved by the students.Conclusion: Although there is a tendency, the exact perception of the impact of students scientific activity on the subject Morphophisiology III is not achieved(AU)

La hiperreactividad cardiovascular como factor predictivo de la hipertensión arterial en la mujer / Cardiovascular Hyperreactivity as a Predictor of Hypertension in Women

Fundamento: No existen suficientes evidencias que permitan afirmar que la hiperreactividad cardiovascular constituye un factor de riesgo en la predicción de la hipertensión arterial en la mujer.Objetivo: determinar el valor predictivo de la hiperreactividad cardiovascular en la hipertensión arterial en la mujer.Métodos: se desarrolló un estudio prospectivo de cohorte, con 212 mujeres: 120 normorreactivas cardiovasculares y 92 hiperreactivas cardiovasculares. Se realizaron dos mediciones, una en el 2008 para identificar la presencia o no de reactividad cardiovascular, y otra en el 2013 para detectar la hipertensión arterial mediante la prueba del peso sostenido. Algunas de las variables estudiadas fueron: hiperreactividad cardiovascular, obesidad, edad, historia familiar de hipertensión arterial, y hábito de fumar. Se determinó el riesgo relativo de las mujeres con hiperreactividad cardiovascular de desarrollar hipertensión arterial, mediante un modelo de regresión logística.Resultados: el porcentaje de nuevas hipertensas después de cinco años, fue tres veces superior en las hiperreactivas cardiovasculares respecto a las normorreactivas cardiovasculares. La hiperreactividad cardiovascular fue la variable de mayor peso en la predicción de la hipertensión arterial.Conclusión: las mujeres con hiperreactividad cardiovascular tienen un mayor riesgo de padecer hipertensión arterial que las normorreactivas cardiovasculares. La hiperreactividad cardiovascular es el factor de riesgo de mayor valor predictivo de hipertensión arterial.

Background: there is insufficient evidence to state that cardiovascular hyperreactivity is a predictive risk factor for hypertension in women.Objective: to determine the predictive value of cardiovascular hyperreactivity for hypertension in women.Methods: a prospective cohort study was conducted in 212 women: 120 normoreactive and 92 hyperreactive. Two measurements were performed, one in 2004 to identify the presence or absence of cardiovascular reactivity, and another in 2009 to detect high blood pressure through the hand-held weight test. The variables studied included cardiovascular hyperreactivity, obesity, age, family history of hypertension, and smoking. The relative risk of developing high blood pressure in hyperreactive women was determined by using a logistic regression model.Results: the incidence of hypertension after five years was three times higher in hyperreactive women than in the normoreactive. Cardiovascular hyperreactivity was the most significant variable for predicting hypertension.Conclusion: women with cardiovascular hyperreactivity carry a higher risk of developing hypertension than normoreactive ones. Cardiovascular hyperreactivity is the risk factor that showed the highest predictive value for hypertension.

Análisis del abordaje del sueño desde un enfoque curricular en el primer año de Medicina / Analysis of the Approach to Sleep Disorders in the First Year Medical Curriculum

Se considera que existe un vacío en el diagnóstico de los problemas relacionados con el sueño, los que son capaces de provocar diversas complicaciones cardiovasculares, del sistema nervioso autónomo, complicaciones metabólicas, así como un gran número de accidentes del tránsito. Por tales razones se realizó una revisión documental a partir del plan de estudio C y D de Medicina y así como de los programas de las asignaturas Morfofisiología III y Sistemas Nervioso-Endocrino-Reproductor con el objetivo de describir el abordaje del estudio de esta temática y la posible existencia de un currículo oculto que priva al egresado del dominio de las herramientas para la adecuada atención de estos pacientes. Se tuvo como objetivos describir los problemas de salud relacionados con el sistema nervioso, plasmados en el plan de estudio C y D así como los objetivos y contenidos correspondientes en las asignaturas Morfofisiología III y Sistema Nervioso-Endocrino-Reproductor, relacionados con el estudio del sueño. Se concluyó que en el plan de estudio C y D no aparecen reflejados los trastornos del sueño como problemas de salud que debe atender el Médico General, lo que representa un riesgo para el adecuado pesquisaje de dichas alteraciones y conlleva a un subregistro del problema en cuestión, además se constató solo un escaso número de horas aparecen en el programa de la asignatura Morfofisiología III, lo que se agrava en el Plan D, todo lo cual puede comprometer la consolidación adecuada del contenido afín a los problemas del sueño.

It is considered that there is a gap in the diagnosis of sleep disorders, which can lead to several cardiovascular, autonomic and metabolic complications, as well as a high number of traffic accidents. For these reasons, we conducted a literature review on the medical curricula C and D and the syllabi of Morphophysiology III and the Nervous, Endocrine and Reproductive Systems course in order to describe the approach to this topic and the possible existence of a hidden curriculum which prevents graduates from mastering the tools to provide proper care to patients suffering from sleep disorders. We aimed at describing health problems related to the nervous system included in the curricula C and D as well as the corresponding objectives and content in Morphophysiology III and Nervous, Endocrine and Reproductive Systems courses. We concluded that sleep disorders are not reflected in the curricula as health problems to be addressed by the family physician, which poses a risk for proper screening of these disorders and leads to their underreporting. Only a small number of hours are devoted to this topic in the program of Morphophysiology III and even less time in the curriculum D. This can compromise proper consolidation of content related to sleep disorders.

Peculiarities of neuropathic pain in children / Peculiaridades da dor neuropática na criança

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In spite of its importance, neuropathic pain is underestimated and undertreated in childhood. Although many conditions causing neuropathic pain in adults are uncommon during childhood, most therapeutic strategies effective for adults were extrapolated for the pediatric population. This study aimed at bringing to light peculiarities of neuropathic pain in children, which shall contribute for its better recognition in childhood and adolescence. CONTENTS: Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs databases were queried to identify studies and literature reviews on neuropathic pain during childhood and adolescence. CONCLUSION: Neuropathic pain treatment in childhood and adolescence should be multimodal, including pharmacological treatment, rehabilitation and psychological support. Rehabilitation, physiotherapy, occupational therapy and integrative therapies should be part of the integral treatment in childhood and adolescence and vary in a case-by-case basis.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Apesar de sua importância a dor neuropática é subestimada e subtratada na infância. Embora muitas das condições que causem dor neuropática no adulto sejam raras na infância; grande parte das estratégias terapêuticas que demonstraram ser eficazes em adultos foi extrapolada para uso na população pediátrica. O objetivo deste artigo foi trazer à luz peculiaridades da dor neuropática na criança, o que contribuirá para seu melhor reconhecimento na infância e adolescência. CONTEÚDO: Foram realizadas buscas nos bancos de dados Pubmed, Scielo e Lilacs, identificando-se estudos e revisões da literatura sobre dor neuropática na infância e adolescência. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento da dor neuropática na infância e adolescência deve ser multimodal, incluindo tratamento farmacológico, reabilitação e suporte psicológico. Reabilitação, fisioterapia, terapia ocupacional e terapias integrativas devem fazer parte do tratamento integral na infância e adolescência, e variam conforme as necessidades em cada caso.

La práctica de laboratorio. Un nuevo enfoque para su rescate como forma organizativa docente / Laboratory Practicals. A New Approach to its Use as an Organizational Form of the Teaching Process

Las acciones económicas contra Cuba desde los años 90 impactaron negativamente en el desarrollo de las prácticas de laboratorio en las Ciencias Básicas lo que conllevó a modificaciones del plan de estudio. En este trabajo se revisa la factibilidad de recuperación y perfeccionamiento de dichas prácticas, relacionadas con contenidos de Fisiología insertados en la disciplina Morfofisiología. Se trazó como objetivo identificar los contenidos de la Fisiología a impartir en las prácticas y definir los medios e innovaciones necesarios para garantizarlas. Se exponen y caracterizan las prácticas a desarrollar con los medios disponibles. Se concluye que los temas y ejercicios de las prácticas coinciden con los contenidos fisiológicos correspondientes a las asignaturas Morfofisiología I, III, V y VI y que pueden ser realizadas con los medios existentes así como con otros innovados por las autoras. Este accionar reporta ahorro de recursos por sustitución de medios o reactivos así como un aprendizaje más efectivo, además prepara mejor a los profesores para enfrentar el plan de estudio D.

Economic actions against Cuba since the 90´s have had a negative impact on laboratory practicals in the Basic Sciences, leading to changes in the curriculum. This paper reviews the feasibility of rescuing and improving such activities related to the Physiology content inserted in the discipline of Morphophysiology. The objective was to identify the Physiology content to be taught in the practicals and define the means and innovations necessary to complete them. The practicals that can be carried out with the available means are presented and characterized. It is concluded that the exercises and topics covered in the practicals coincide with the Physiology content corresponding to Morphophysiology I, III, V and VI and that they can be carried out with the existing resources as well as other innovated by the authors. This way of proceeding saves resources by replacing media or reagents and leads to more effective learning, plus better preparation of teachers to meet the challenges posed by the curriculum D.

La práctica de laboratorio: un nuevo enfoque para su rescate como forma organizativa docente / Laboratory practicals. a new approach to its use as an organizational form of the teaching process

Las acciones económicas contra Cuba desde los años 90 impactaron negativamente en el desarrollo de las prácticas de laboratorio en las Ciencias Básicas lo que conllevó a modificaciones del plan de estudio. En este trabajo se revisa la factibilidad de recuperación y perfeccionamiento de dichas prácticas, relacionadas con contenidos de Fisiología insertados en la disciplina Morfofisiología. Se trazó como objetivo identificar los contenidos de la Fisiología a impartir en las prácticas y definir los medios e innovaciones necesarios para garantizarlas. Se exponen y caracterizan las prácticas a desarrollar con los medios disponibles. Se concluye que los temas y ejercicios de las prácticas coinciden con los contenidos fisiológicos correspondientes a las asignaturas Morfofisiología I, III, V y VI y que pueden ser realizadas con los medios existentes así como con otros innovados por las autoras. Este accionar reporta ahorro de recursos por sustitución de medios o reactivos así como un aprendizaje más efectivo, además prepara mejor a los profesores para enfrentar el plan de estudio D(AU)

Economic actions against Cuba since the 90´s have had a negative impact on laboratory practicals in the Basic Sciences, leading to changes in the curriculum. This paper reviews the feasibility of rescuing and improving such activities related to the Physiology content inserted in the discipline of Morphophysiology. The objective was to identify the Physiology content to be taught in the practicals and define the means and innovations necessary to complete them. The practicals that can be carried out with the available means are presented and characterized. It is concluded that the exercises and topics covered in the practicals coincide with the Physiology content corresponding to Morphophysiology I, III, V and VI and that they can be carried out with the existing resources as well as other innovated by the authors. This way of proceeding saves resources by replacing media or reagents and leads to more effective learning, plus better preparation of teachers to meet the challenges posed by the curriculum D(AU)